Mendel: Summary of Key Points
- By studying inheritance in peas, Mendel proposed four postulates of inheritance:
- Genetic factors exist in pairs
- When two unlike factors are present, one will be dominant to the other.
- During gametogenesis, factors segregate randomly.
- Pairs of factors assort independently of each other.
- Using a Punnet square or the forked line method, it is possible to determine the possible offspring of a genetic cross, and the probability of each offspring occurring.
- The product law can be used to determine the probability of two independent events occurring simultaneously, such as the probability of two particular alleles segregating together.
- Test crosses (crossing with a homozygous recessive individual) can be used to determine if an individual with a dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous.
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