Chapter One Healthy Behaviors

		Introduction to Wellness Promoting Healthy Behaviors
	Overview	Health and wellness are active states which are deeply affected by style of living. In order to be healthy, one must make decisions when to change behavior and when to maintain current behaviors. Chapter One, "Promoting Healthy Behavior Change", provides a basic understanding of the concept of health, describing the six dimensions of wellness and how each dimensions contribute to the dynamic process of defining personal wellness.
	Chapter Outline	Historical and multidimensional elements of health New Directions in health and disease prevention Improving Health - Assessing and modifying health behaviors Behavior change techniques Decision making techniques
	Lecture Outline	Historical elements of health Early definitions of "health". Health statistics morbidity mortality Rene' Dubos defines health as "Quality of Life". Multidimensional elements of health (Dimensions of Wellness) The Dimensions of Health ( Wellness ) Physical Intellectual Social Emotional Environmental Spiritual The Wellness Continuum New directions in health Healthy People 2010 Purpose - 1) to eliminate health disparities; 2) to increase the life span and quality of life The plan includes 28 focus areas Each one presents specific objectives for achieving the purpose (listed above). Health Promotion Programs Educational support Organizational support Environmental support Financial Support Disease prevention Disease prevention defined Types of disease prevention Primary Secondary Tertiary Measure of disease Incidence Prevalence "*Top Ten" list of Public Health Achievements of the 20th Century 01) Vaccinations - eradicating smallpox, eliminating polio, controlling many other diseases 02) Motor Vehicle Safety - safety belts, safer highways, drinking and driving laws 03) Workplace Safety 04) Control of Infectious Diseases 05) Cardiovascular disease and stroke death incidence rates have declined 06) Safe and healthy foods due to the removal of contaminants and addition of fortifiers 07) Maternal and infant care improvements reducing infant and mother deaths 08) Family planning efforts to control pregnancies and STIs 09) Fluoridated drinking water to prevent tooth decay and loss 10) Recognition of tobacco as a health hazard Benefits of Achieving Optimal Health Many causes of death linked to lifestyle ( see Table 1-1, p.15, text ) Individual behavior, heredity, access to health care and environment are some of the factors that influence health ( see Figure 1.2, p. 14, text ) Choosing healthy behavior results in risk reduction Key behaviors for longevity and improved life quality Getting a minimum of seven hours of sleep a night Maintaining healthy eating habits Weight management Physical recreational activities Avoiding tobacco products Practicing safe sex Limiting intake of alcohol Scheduling regular self-exams and medical checkups Preparing for Behavior Change* Factors which influence behavior Predisposing factors Enabling factors Reinforcing factors Readiness of the individual Possess knowledge, skills, resources, and positive attitude Beliefs and Attitudes Beliefs are related to knowledge Attitudes are related to beliefs Health Belief Model Perceived Seriousness Perceived Susceptibility Cues to Action Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change Theory of Reasoned Action Requires a belief that fosters an attitude towards an action (of change) Requires a belief that others support the attitude (of change) Role of Significant Others Behavior Change Strategies Shaping Visualization Modeling Situational Inducement Positive Reinforcement Consumable reinforcers Activity reinforcers Manipulative reinforcers Possessional reinforcers Social reinforcers Modifying self-talk Rational - Emotive Therapy problems stem from irrational statements analyze the situation change self-talk statements into constructive rather than irrational destructive statements Meichenbaum's Self-Instructional Methods use self-instruction to stop self-defeating thoughts Blocking / Thought Stopping refusal to dwell on negative thoughts Decision making techniques - Changing your behavior Situational Behaviors - Behaviors, thoughts, and feelings occur in a situation. A situation is divided into two parts and these two parts influence present and future behavior. Antecedents Consequences Behavior Assessment ( see example in text p. 22 ) Frequency Duration Seriousness Basis for behavior Antecedents Behavior Change ( see checklist in text p. 24) Identifying and analyzing behavior Identify susceptible situations / obstacles Write behavior change goals Short term goals Long term goals
	Web Resources	National Center of Health Statistics National Health Information Center CDC Wonder Mayo Clinic
	Self-help Works
		Want to know more about your current health status ? ( see Take Charge Worksheet 1.1; " Health Behavior Assessment", pp. 3-10) Want to change a health behavior ? ( see Take Charge Worksheet 1.2 - 1.5; " Behavior Change Project and Evaluations", pp. 11 - 18) Want to determine what you believe about your own control of your health ? (see Take Charge Worksheet 1.6; "Multidimensional Health Locus of Control", pp. 19-20. * There are also practice tests for Chapter One on pp. 21-22.